Sometimes before using these electrodes, the skin is degreased and abraded to improve the contact quality.
They require the application of a highly conductive electrolytic substance (electro gel or EEG gel) between the scalp and the electrode to obtain good contact and reduce the impedance of the skin-electrode interface. Gel and saline electrodes have been the most frequently used sensors for measuring EEG signals in the recent past. The fact that they require an electrolytic substance to improve the conductivity between the sensor and the scalp has a very important impact on the headset usability and comfort, and thus, on the final user experience and possible applications. Gel, semi-dry, and saline EEG systems are usually referred to as wet-EEG. Semi-dry EEG or Water-based EEG: tap water humidity / adaptable disposal.Get more info about dry EEG systems here.
Dry electrodes EEG systems: no substance.The main difference between EEG systems is the type of electrolytic substance used to improve the conductivity between the surface electrodes attached and the scalp ( Liao 2012), part of the EEG sensory layer or EEG cap ( more info here):
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